Payment | Logistics Shipping

Transparency of shares: Which EU countries are ready for the new rules?

06/06/2026 by the Logistics TransportIn the the General Assembly

How do you know if you're getting a fair wage? For most of Europe's ’, workers still have limited knowledge of how much work is paid and how their salaries compare to other workers doing similar work.

AB’'s Wage Transparency Directive aims to change this by requiring employers to be more transparent about salaries and by helping to strengthen the principle of equal pay for equal work.

The aim of the directive is to help reduce the gender pay gap in AB’, which is 11 percent; This means that according to Eurostat’, women's gross hourly earnings are on average 11 percent lower than men's.

For many women, failure to follow the directive can directly affect their income each year.

European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) The predictions areFailure to implement wage transparency will cost women at AB’ at least 4.8 billion euros per year, potentially rising to 7.2 billion euros; That's between 465 and 700 euros per woman per year.

EU countries must enforce the rules by 7 June 2026, but most will miss the deadline after a three-year implementation period.

So which EU countries have implemented the Wage Transparency Directive ’ni? What's the latest for those left behind? So which countries have the highest rates of salary transparency in job postings across Europe?

Six EU countries have not yet taken any action

According to the implementation follower of international law firm Addleshaw Goddard’, as of May 2026, six of the 27 EU countries have not yet taken any action towards the implementation of the directive. These are Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Luxembourg and Portugal’.

In September 2025, ’ was present in 10 countries.

While Sweden issued a proposal, the government suspended it indefinitely in March 2026 ’, citing the directive's heavy administrative burden on employers.

Germany’ is expected to update its legislation in 2026. The draft legislation is expected in Czechia, Finland, Greece, Slovenia and Spain’.

Ten countries publish draft legislation

Ten EU countries have published draft legislation, although it is at different stages of the process. These are Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, France, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands and Romania’.

The three countries (Belgium, Malta and Poland) partially implemented the directive.

Slovakia Parliament in ’ ratified the Equal Pay Act on April 15, 2026, which will come into force on June 7, 2026 in ’.

Real uncertainty in France’

France’'s Addleshaw Goddard’'s Employment Partner, Jérémie Paubel, told Euronews Business’: “FranceIn ’, it is very likely that the period until 7 June’ will not be followed. This creates real uncertainty, and even after the law is passed, the key elements will have to be defined by separate enforcement decrees without a clear timeline.”

He pointed out that the expectation is decisive, that companies should already take steps such as mapping business categories, auditing wage systems and structures, and identifying existing gaps, but most importantly, closely monitor the legislative process.

What will happen in ’, Germany?

Marijke Van der Most, Addleshaw Goddard’'s Employment Partner in ’, Germany, told Euronews Business’: “Acquired application dates do not create a clear legal pause. They create an interim period in which companies do not yet have clear internal rules, but courts, employees and business councils are already looking in the direction set by the Directive.”

He stressed that the difficult point for employers is not only that German law is overdue. At a time when the future standard is visible but the local rulebook is not yet complete, they may need to make salary decisions, answer employee questions, and prepare for litigation.

Salary transparency in job postings

According to global recruitment platform Indeed’, salary transparency in job postings is steadily increasing in many European countries.

England as of March 2026 %It had the highest rate at 56, while in May 2025’te had the highest rate at 56. %It was 65’.

the Netherlands (Dutch) and France () %It's over 40’. the Irish (Ireland) and Italy (), followed by Italy in May 2025. ’ten recovered significantly.

However, Spain and Germany are not only responsible for the and %It's on the lower end of the 12’, with salary information.

Indeed, the data also shows that most EU countries are ready to miss the deadline for wage transparency. Data from Indeed Hiring Lab’ outlines real outcomes for workers and economies, including continued gender pay gaps.

Employees are blind

Indeed, due to delays, European stresses that the majority of workers still apply for jobs without knowing what they are paying.

Indeed Hiring Lab EU Labour Market Economist Lisa Feist said: “The most important factor in people's search for a new job is pay. But that's what most job postings across Europe skip. Workers are applying blindly, and our research has revealed that the results of this are deeper and more diverse than we thought.

“There is an opportunity for employers who choose to be transparent despite these negative consequences. Those who take action now can strengthen trust in candidates, improve application quality, and prepare their recruitment strategies for the future.”

Spanish Bizum, Visa and Mastercard’a take to the main street to rival

09/05/2026 by the Logistics TransportIn the the General Assembly

Already eliminating the need for cash at dinner parties in Spain’, the Bizum app is now moving to physical stores.

This change is a technical change, but its effects extend far beyond payments. Until now, when you tapped your phone or card on a reader, the transaction was going through the Visa or Mastercard networks.

For each payment, the merchant pays exchange and service fees to these card plans. Meanwhile, spending data is processed on servers across the Atlantic and can be used to create consumer profiles.

From May 18, ’, this situation is changing. Bizum Pay will direct the money directly from the customer's account to the trader's account via instant transfer using NFC technology; It will eliminate foreign intermediaries and reduce dependence on U.S. ’-owned infrastructure.

Bizum’'s Spanish navy

What began as an interoperability experiment between Spanish banks has quietly evolved into an ecosystem that both Brussels and New York ’ are closely interested in.

The platform currently has over 30 million users (almost the entire adult banking population in ’, Spain) and 111,000 businesses already integrated into the digital ecosystem, and about 40 banking institutions in Germany and France, forming a unified bloc that achieves what ’ can only dream of.

Bizum reached 3.4 million instant transfers per day in 2025.

The first distribution will be carried out by banks such as CaixaBank, Sabadell and Bankinter. The remaining banks are also expected to follow in stages and be fully available before the end of the year; However, the actual consumer move is expected to take place in September or October.

What does that change, and for whom?

If Bizum’ is considered a guide to e-commerce, where it closes 2025’ with more than 100 million payments and noticeably reduces cart abandonment rates, growth in physical retail could be significant.

The most realistic expectation on the horizon of two to three years, Bizum’'s Spain, is that the total volume of payments in physical stores in ’ %From 25 to ’ini is obtained.

The advantage is not only the cost for traders, but also the fact that it is already the default payment method for users.

When local systems such as Pix in ’ or UPI in India depleted their market share, U.S. networks historically mobilized two vehicles.

The first is loyalty: Reproduction of cash reimbursement programs, purchase insurance and reward points that Bizum’ has not yet offered as a direct transfer system.

Second is credit: The deferred payment continues to be their trump card. While Bizum transfers real money instantly, Visa and Mastercard sell time. Expect them to defend the high-value buying segment and compete hard in micropayments.

Spanish unicorn Europeanagainst ’

Why don't I have French or German Bizum? The answer is fragmentation.

While Spanish banks quickly agreed on a single standard, the rest of the European ’'s systems were born divided. Spain’ not only has a model to export, but is already leading the EuroPA Alliance.

The Spanish model is now positioned as the basis of the European Payments Initiative ’ (EPI), and it is aimed that one day a Spanish’ will be able to pay as easily as sending 10 euros today as a birthday gift in a cafe or Lisbon bar in Milan’.

For businesses with only a Spanish customer base, paying commissions to international aggregators like Stripe, Adyen, or PayPal will probably start to make less sense.

Bizum, typical taken by card networks %From 0.2 to %Offers instant payment from 2 rate fees and significantly lower fees to sellers. If the in-store user experience matches that of the online one, local commerce will have a direct financial incentive to opt for the domestic railroad.

Who pays more? European workers face huge gaps in income tax bills

07/05/2026 by the Logistics TransportIn the the General Assembly

Personal income tax rates vary widely across Europe. Policies and tax structures contribute to these differences.

Income level, marital status and the number of dependent children play an important role in determining how much of gross wage earnings goes to taxes.

So which European countries charge the highest and lowest personal income tax on gross wages?

Euronews Business takes a closer look at income tax rates based on the OECD’'s Taxation Fees 2026 report. These rates do not include social security premiums.

The only one without children

The first scenario is the average wage of a single person without children. %He won his 100 ’. Personal income tax (PIT) for this option in 2025, 22’si among 27 European countries that are EU members Poland’da %6.6’ to Denmark’ %It varies up to 35.3’e.

The EU-22 average %At 17.2, the OECD average %A little lower at 15.5.

History of Denmark %Iceland is the only country to exceed 30 ’ (.1) and Belgium (,6) %It is over 25’. the Estonian ’ (,6), Finland’da (,1), Ireland’da () and Norway’te (.4) and tax rates. %It's over 20’.

EuropeAmong ’'s leading economies is Italy (,1) and the United Kingdom, while taxing above the EU average, Germany (.2) is consistent with this. the Spanish (,1) and France (.7) is slightly lower.

Poland’ as well as Czechia’da (%9.7) single digits were reached. Switzerland and Slovakia %It's under 12’.

Single-income couple with two children

In most cases, a single-income couple with two children pays less tax than a single person without children. the EU (EU.2 vs. ) and OECD (.5 vs. 15.5 ) Averages reflect this.

In this scenario, income tax rates Slovakia’da -nmark with 6.5’da %It ranges from 31.8. A negative tax rate means that taxes are returned rather than deducted. Germany is only %It is approaching this threshold by applying a rate of 0.7’.

the Polish ’ (%1,1), Czechia’da (%3,3), Portugal’de (%4,5) and Slovenia’da (%4.7) a single-income couple with two children %He pays less than 5’.

In this scenario, this ratio is in Estonia’ (,6), Finland’da (), Iceland’da (,4) and Norway’te (.4 is still %It's over 20’.

Two-child, two-income couple

In the third scenario, both of the average wage %A two-child, two-income couple who earns 100’ pays slightly less tax than a single person who does not have children. EU-22 and OECD averages, respectively .5 and %It is 14.3’.

Rates in this scenario Slovakia’da nmark with 4.7’da %It varies from 35.3.

Tax Foundation economist Alex Mengden explained that under the generally fixed income tax system, households with two children, whether single-income or two-earnings, are subject to the same PIT’e. With increased rate tax systems, two-income couples pay higher taxes.

Why is tax mix important for country differences?

Edoardo Magalini, OECD analyst and statistician and co-author of the report, points to various reasons for differences at the country level.

Euronews Business’a said: “First of all, countries have ‘ different approaches to ’ tax mixes, depending on their income needs, the structure of their economies, as well as the historical development of their financial institutions.”

“Some countries charge VAT or taxes (corporate income taxes, capital income taxes, etc.) on different types of income.

Income tax alone doesn't tell the whole story

Magalini noted that the total tax burden on labor income also depends on other payments outside of PIT’s, such as social security contributions (SSCs) paid by both employees and employers.

Denmark, for example, stands out as the country with the highest PIT rate. But the workers there pay almost no social security premiums. France, on the other hand, has a significant share of the SBH’s, although it appears to be below the EU-22 average.

Mengden also pointed out that different dependence on social contributions is the main cause of differences at the country level. Social security contributions vary significantly between countries, and this affects the rate of wages taken to the general home.

John Hurley, senior research director at Eurofound’, emphasized that countries with higher labor tax share in general also tend to have more progressive tax systems, meaning they tax higher income earners more heavily and lower wage earners less or no tax at all.

Where do children matter the most?

When comparing a single-income couple with two children to a single person without children, the difference in some countries is remarkable. SlovakiaThe difference in ’ reaches 17.4 percent, followed by Germany (16.5 points), Luxembourg (12 points) and Belgium (11.8 points), all above 10 points.

As the chart shows, the tax rate is the same in Estonia, Norway, Lithuania, the UK, the Netherlands, Sweden and Turkey’.

Mengden noted that the difference in the income tax rate for a childless single worker and a married couple with two children reflects the generosity of child benefits, which are mostly transferred through the income tax law.

Although some countries, such as “ Estonia, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden and Turkey, show no difference here, this does not mean that they do not offer generous child benefits; Instead, it means they may be working through other channels, such as public-provided services, direct transfers, or free co-insurance for children, ” added.

Data shows that European workers face very different income tax bills

07/05/2026 by the Logistics TransportIn the the General Assembly

Personal income tax rates vary widely across Europe. Policies and tax structures contribute to these differences.

Income level, marital status and the number of dependent children play an important role in determining how much of gross wage earnings goes to taxes.

So which European countries charge the highest and lowest personal income tax on gross wages?

Euronews Business takes a closer look at income tax rates based on the OECD’'s Taxation Fees 2026 report. These rates do not include social security premiums.

The only one without children

The EU-22 average %At 17.2, the OECD average %A little lower at 15.5.

History of Denmark %Iceland is the only country to exceed 30 ’ (.1) and Belgium (,6) %It is over 25’. the Estonia (Estonia,6), Finland (.1, from Ireland () and Norway’te (.4) and tax rates. %It's over 20’.

EuropeAmong ’'s leading economies is Italy (,1) and the United Kingdom, while taxing above the EU average, Germany (.2) is consistent with this. the Spanish (,1) and France (.7) is slightly lower.

Poland’ as well as Czechia’da (%9.7) single digits were reached. Switzerland and Slovakia %It's under 12’.

Single income couple with two children

In most cases, a single-income couple with two children pays less tax than a single person without children. the EU (EU.2 vs. ) and OECD (.5 vs. 15.5 ) Averages reflect this.

the Polish ’ (%1,1), Czechia’da (%3,3), Portugal’de (%4,5) and Slovenia’da (%4.7) a single-income couple with two children %He pays less than 5’.

In this scenario, this ratio is in Estonia’ (,6), Finland’da (), Iceland’da (,4) and Norway’te (.4 is still %It's over 20’.

Two-child, two-income couple

Rates in this scenario Slovakia’da nmark with 4.7’da %It varies from 35.3.

Why is tax mix important for country differences?

Edoardo Magalini, OECD analyst and statistician and co-author of the report, points to various reasons for differences at the country level.

“Some countries charge VAT or taxes (corporate income taxes, capital income taxes, etc.) on different types of income.

Income tax alone doesn't tell the whole story

Magalini noted that the total tax burden on labor income also depends on other payments outside of PIT’s, such as social security contributions (SSCs) paid by both employees and employers.

Where do children matter the most?

As shown in the chart, the tax rate is the same in Estonia, Norway, Lithuania, England, the Netherlands, Sweden and Turkey’.

Will the publication of salaries help gender equality in workplaces in Europe’?

20/04/2026 by the Logistics TransportIn the the General Assembly

If you are a woman working in Europe’, you are usually on average from a man for the same job. %You earn 15 less. This means that for every euro a man earns, the woman earns an average of 86 cents.

At the top, women in management earn almost a quarter less than men. CEOs of large companies in Europe’ only ’u is a woman. All of these ’ contributes to an even wider retirement deficit.

What makes the difference in pay between the sexes?

Women still take on most of the childcare, which means they often reduce their working hours. One-third of women and one-third of men in AB’ %8’i works part-time. This makes it difficult for women to move forward in their careers. There are also more women in low-wage sectors such as care and education.

The quarantines showed how deep-rooted these gender inequalities are; Most of the free child care is provided by women. They are also the ones most at risk of losing their jobs during the pandemic.

The European Pillar of Social Rights outlines the need for gender equality. To help close the gender pay gap, the European Commission is introducing wage transparency so companies will legally have to publish how much they pay their employees.

Esther Lynch is Deputy Secretary General of the European Trade Union Confederation ’ (ETUC). He gave us his insight into this wage transparency directive. She says this is a really important measure because women often assume that they have worked with their colleagues for decades and have the same pay, equal pay. Later, sometimes when you retire, or sometimes because of a news story, you find out that the person you think is doing the same job as you, receiving the same salary as you, is actually getting a lot more salary, ”.

At the end of the day, Esther says, what's needed is “, better laws about work of equal value.

AB’'s Pillar of Social Rights will help because it also calls for a Work-Life Balance with fair sharing of parental leave and the right to more flexible work. This has been adopted into EU law, and member states need to make it their own national law by 2022.

“One of the most important features we want to see in this directive is the provision that will end salary secrecy”.

Esther Lynch

ETUC Deputy Secretary General

One of the biggest factors holding women back in the workplace is the constant balance between work and home life. The data shows that Germany’ has one of the biggest pay gaps in Europe’. Despite having a female head of state for the past 15 years, she lags behind her European neighbors in terms of gender equality at work compared to countries where the rate of female employment is similar.

Women in the German labour market

Nadine Epplen is a lawyer and represents women in the hotel and restaurant industry. He himself says: “The problem is that even if employment contracts are arranged on a 40-hour per week basis, the employer can allocate the hours at any time. Of course, women with children cannot guarantee their availability.” In his job, he meets women who are fired and demoted because their working hours are not flexible enough.

The pandemic also aggravated problems with the sharing of family duties. Like Nadine and many of her clients, Germany is home to almost all of the women in the ’. ’si works part-time to take care of their families. This is well above the European average.

Nadine’in herself has two children and wants to work full-time, but this is not possible for her because “ nursery hours and school hours do not always correspond to working hours”.

To improve women's representation in the labour market, Germany, like other European countries, ’ needs to implement the European directive on work-life balance by 2022, which includes better access to parental leave and greater flexibility in the workplace.

According to economist Katharina Wrolich’e, joint income taxes need to be improved and access to career opportunities for both parents. Germany says ’ is transitioning from a single-income family model to a single-income family model. In his professional opinion, “Germany’ still needs to put a lot of effort into improving access to child care and quality, as well as working hours”.

GermanyOne of the areas where ’ performs well in terms of equality is the number of women who are members of the board of directors of publicly traded companies. Here it is %There are 36 women involved. However, in order to increase equality in this area, the country is also in the process of implementing quotas.

Hiltrud Werner is the only female board member of Volkswagen’. He told us that he personally welcomes quotas because he believes it will help employers stop missing people with high qualifications due to “ biases.

However, “ thinks that achieving one's career goals will not be free of charge. He admits he must make concessions to get to where he is today.

What about countries across the EU when it comes to exceeding the glass ceiling?

With the current rate of change, it will not be seen that the wage gap in Germany ’ will close until the next century; In ’, France, this could take more than 1,000 years. Some countries have been set for equal pay in this decade. Belgium is one of the pioneers in this regard.

Esther Lynch told us why she thinks ’ is better at this score than any other European country. Belgium says there are more union workers in ’. He believes this makes them confident when they ask “ questions, complain that they will not be charged, victimized and removed from the company, that they will not be expelled from the company as troublemakers.

But it tells us about a case where two equivalent jobs he recently encountered were significant pay gaps. He blamed it on gender inequality at work. He tells us that a large part of the “ wage gap is related to the work women do, and that this alone is seen as the justification for the lower wage.

The wage transparency initiative will go a long way to helping improve the gender pay gap, but European countries still have a long way to go. The hope for the future is that women don't have to compromise to get to the top.

According to Allianz Trade Surveys, Turkey's Exports Promise

01/10/2024 by the Logistics TransportIn the Category: Logistics

The Global Survey carried out by Allianz Trade ⁇ every year was renewed and published with up-to-date data as a result of the evaluation of the surveys by expert economists.

In the assessment in the report; In the global survey in 2023, it was stated that 70 percent of companies expect an increase in their turnover through exports, but 2023 ended with a recession in trade due to slowing demand more than expected.

Deja vu of optimism: Are companies underestimating the risks on the horizon again?

In the current survey, it is stated that the companies are drawing an extremely optimistic picture again with the expectation that the recession will end in 2024. In the latest update of the survey, 82% of companies, especially from consumer-related sectors such as retail, home appliances and computer & telecom, said they expect an increase in their turnover through exports in 2024. In fact, about 40 percent of companies expect this increase to be as serious as 5 percent in 2024.

Françoise Huang, Senior Economist at Allianz Trade APAC and Global Trade, said that after more than a year of stagnation, exporters expect a recovery in the second half of 2024, but they have more conservative forecasts. ⁇ Globally, 8 out of 10 companies expect export prices to increase in 2024 and this will support their export turnover. Our predictions are more conservative: After the contraction of 2.9 percent in global trade in 2023, we expect a nominal increase of 2.8 percent in 2024. This rate, which is significantly below the long-term average of 5 percent increase, is a reflection of the disruptions in global maritime transport such as the Red Sea crisis, as well as the increased protectionism risks. ⁇

The risk of not receiving payment is still the most important issue for exporters

While exporters are optimistic, they are also aware of the risks posed by developing their business internationally. Globally, companies are most concerned about; focus on geopolitical risks, input/labor shortages and financing. However, the risk of not getting paid remains at the top of the list.

Aylin Somersan Coqui, CEO of Allianz Trade, said: "We found that around 70 percent of companies globally are paid between 30 and 70 days, slightly more than other countries in the UK, France and the United States. Due to low growth, trade disruptions and geopolitical uncertainties, 42% of companies expect longer export payment terms in the next six to twelve months. Longer payment terms mean more pressure on cash flow, and it could get worse. In addition, 40 percent of respondents expect an increased risk of not receiving payments by 2024. These expectations also coincide with our forecast that global commercial insolvencies will increase by 10 percent this year.

In Turkey, although export data are not at pre-pandemic levels, they are relatively promising compared to the global level.

Allianz Trade Credit Intelligence Deputy General Manager and Executive Board Member Altuğ Karagöz said that despite all the difficult conditions in Turkey continued to grow in exports. ⁇ 2024 ⁇ te Turkey ⁇ te achieved a 3.9 percent increase in exports despite global risks, geopolitical developments and contraction of demand in the export market. When we look at Allianz Trade, this increase stands out as a positive development despite the political risks. The increase in the ratio of exports excluding gold and energy to meet imports shows the positive effect of Turkey's return to orthodox policies on the foreign trade balance.

Crypto era in international payments in Russia

29/08/2024 by the Logistics TransportIn the Category: Logistics

Russia is beginning the era of cryptocurrencies in payments.

While the US continues to tighten its sanctions on Russia, the problems of Russian companies in receiving and sending payments in international trade continue to plague the government.

Russian officials, who are looking for alternatives to solve the problem, are now taking a much more moderate approach to cryptocurrencies, where they have shown a harsh stance in the country for a while.

In 2022, the Central Bank of Russia demanded the complete ban of cryptocurrencies in the country with a report prepared just before the war, but cryptocurrencies became increasingly common due to the removal of Russian banks from the SWIFT payment system after the Ukraine war.

With the decree signed by Russian President Vladimir Putin on August 8, the experimental use of cryptocurrencies in international payments and Forex transactions was legalized. Accordingly, the Central Bank of Russia will oversee the process, which will start on September 1.

The head of the Central Bank of Russia, Elvira Nabiullina, said on July 30 that the use of cryptocurrencies in international payments could begin by the end of the year.

Russian Finance Minister Anton Siluanov said on Aug. 14 that they are working to legalize cryptocurrency exchanges.

However, since a large number of countries have developed their own rules for cryptocurrencies, how to use cryptocurrencies in international trade and the security of this system remains unclear.

National payment card system will become important

Experts say that the National Payment Card System, which Russia started to develop in 2014, will come to the fore during the trial process on cryptocurrencies.

While it is emphasized that the Central Bank of Russia has full control over the National Payment Card System plays an important role in this preference, the country's domestic payment system Mir is also working on this platform.

The main type of cryptocurrency projected to be used in international payments is expected to be stable coins.

Stable coins are expressed as cryptocurrencies whose value is tied to another asset in fiat money, commodities, such as dollars or yuan, or cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin.

The Central Bank of Russia, in its report published on July 10, reported that an evaluation was made for the establishment of a mechanism that will determine the rules for the circulation of stablecoins in the country.

While Russia needs the support of BRICS countries, especially in terms of the use of cryptocurrencies in international trade, officials in Brazil, South Africa and India have made statements that they are working on this issue. In China, the use of cryptocurrencies was banned.

The study, published by the Russian-based Transstroy Bank, pointed out that the use of cryptocurrencies in international payments creates new opportunities for business and the economy.

However, the report, which includes a number of challenges related to the process, emphasized that the restrictions imposed by the regulators in the countries, technical complexity and fluctuations in the value of cryptocurrencies are among the challenges.

The trials of the digital ruble are underway

While the Central Bank of Russia's trial process for the digital ruble was launched last year, the digital ruble is expected to progress in an integrated way with the cryptocurrency process.

Taking the development of the digital yuan as an example, Russia hopes to use cryptocurrencies and the digital ruble for payments with China, its biggest partner in trading.

Anatoly Aksakov, chairman of the Financial Markets Committee of the lower house of the Russian parliament Duma ⁇ , told the Russian news agency in June, ⁇ Both we and they have a certain experience, so it may be interesting to start the process of payment in digital currencies with China. Technologically, we're pretty close. Since it is a friendly country, it will be possible to try it with Belarus ⁇ . ⁇ he said.

The digital ruble, the trial period of which has been ongoing since August 2023, is currently used in a limited way in about 30 companies and 11 cities.

For example, the digital ruble used by the oil company Lukoil ⁇ in in some gas stations is also accepted as a form of payment in the Moscow Metro.

The head of the Central Bank of Russia, Nabiullina, said that the digital ruble will become an important part of life in 5 years.

At Putin's meeting in Moscow on July 17, this is essentially another form of our national currency. Its feature is that citizens and businesses can use the digital ruble regardless of which bank they have an account with.

Emphasizing the need to expand the digital ruble, Putin instructed to accelerate the work aimed at its use especially in financial and economic activities.

Experts state that in order for Russia to be able to use the digital ruble for international payments, first of all, the trial process must be successfully completed in the domestic market.